The psycopg3 project is currently under active development.
Sponsoring this project will help achieve swift completion and ensure the maintenance of psycopg2, psycopg3 and other related projects.
If you use Python and PostgreSQL, and you would like to support the creation of the most advanced adapter between the two systems, please consider becoming a sponsor. Thank you!
Psycopg is released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, allowing use from both free and proprietary software.
- Check the features list to see what Psycopg offers
- Read the Psycopg documentation. Be sure to check the Frequently Asked Questions
- Install Psycopg!
For help requests and development discussions please subscribe to the mailing list psycopg@postgresql.org.
Latest articles
Designing a connection pool for psycopg3
Posted by Daniele Varrazzo on 2021-01-17
Tagged as
psycopg3,
development
The psycopg2 pool is a pretty simple object, little more than... a pool of open connections, and I think it falls short in several ways:
- the top usability problem is the fact that it cannot be used as context manager;
- if a connection is broken it is not noticed it until it is used by a client;
- if minconn connections are already taken, a new one is created and disposed of as soon as finished using, regardless of whether other clients may need it;
- if more than maxconn connections are requested the client will receive an error.
For psycopg3 I would like something better. I have read around, looking into other pool implementations to figure out what a well designed connection pool ought to do (a very well thought one seems the Java HikariCP) and these are a few ideas I'd like to work on: they are here for a feedback, before I jump into enthusiastically implementing the wrong thing...
The psycopg3 adaptation system
Posted by Daniele Varrazzo on 2020-11-24
Tagged as
psycopg3,
development,
news
The adaptation system between Python objects and PostgreSQL types is at the core of psycopg2 and psycopg3. The flexibility of the psycopg2 adaptation system provides good out-of-the-box object mapping and allows users to customise it to suit any need. Do you want your decimal numbers returned as float because you need speed over pennies? Do you want to map PostgreSQL Infinity dates to the 25th of December 3099? That's certainly doable.
The psycopg3 adaptation system needs some modification compared to psycopg2, because psycopg3 uses the "extended query protocol" to send query parameters separately from the query. Together, with the differences to accommodate, there is also a chance to improve a system that has been in use for several years and has shown its shortcomings together with its strengths.
The new COPY support in psycopg3
Posted by Daniele Varrazzo on 2020-11-15
Tagged as
psycopg3,
development,
news
psycopg2 allows interaction with PostgreSQL COPY commands. However what is possible to do with them is relatively limited: the only possible interaction is with file-like objects:
- there is no adaptation from Python objects to PostgreSQL, as there is for normal queries: data must be formatted "manually" by the user;
- psycopg2 "pulls" data from the file: writing a system that produces data and pushes it into PostgreSQL is a very contrived operation, requiring to write a blocking file-like object;
- there is no support for asynchronous copy.
psycopg3 addresses these shortcomings and makes it easy to write Python programs producing data and pushing it efficiently to the database using the COPY protocol.